The secret passphrase in the configuration (blowfish_secret) is not the correct length. It should be 32 bytes long.
Just like you, I was having problems with this error When $cfg['blowfish secret'] is set, the configuration file will now require a secret passphrase (blowfish secret). In order to use PHPMyAdmin securely on ubuntu.
Install phpMyAdmin directly in /var/www/html folder
wget https://files.phpmyadmin.net/phpMyAdmin/5.2.0/phpMyAdmin-5.2.0-all-languages.zip
openssl rand -base64 22
$cfg['blowfish_secret'] = 'passphrase here'; // use here a value of your choice
sudo service php7.4-fpm restart sudo systemctl restart nginx